1. The Background of Taking Jesus to Annas First
In John 18:12–22, we find the significant event where Jesus, having been arrested, is “taken first to Annas.” Within the context of the Gospels, this scene is of crucial importance. A close examination of the passage reveals the nature of the Jewish religious authority at that time, the political and social backdrop, the illegal and unjust interrogation Jesus endured, the disciples’ fear and failure, and, ultimately, how Jesus Christ’s redemptive mission is revealed. Notably, Pastor David Jang has repeatedly emphasized, in various sermons and teachings, the viewpoint that “even amidst the corruption of religious power, the work of salvation continues.” This perspective leads us to see that this was not merely a religious trial that took place two thousand years ago, but that it also holds profoundly relevant lessons for us today.
When Jesus was arrested, soldiers, the commander, and the Jewish officers bound Him and brought Him straight to Annas. Even the act of taking Jesus directly to Annas exposes several significant issues. In the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke), the focus is mostly on Jesus being interrogated before Caiaphas. Yet John’s Gospel adds the detail that Jesus was first taken to Annas, highlighting that the trial procedure was profoundly unlawful and that an immense web of religious power was behind it. Although the high priesthood was originally a lifelong position, Rome at that time ruled over Judea, and corruption—fuelled by financial and political alliances—led to frequent changes in the high priesthood. At the center of that corruption was Annas. He served as high priest from AD 6 to 15 (for about nine years) and maintained his formidable influence afterward by successively installing his five sons in the high priestly office. Even when his son-in-law Caiaphas served as the official high priest, Annas remained the actual power broker behind the scenes. John 18:13 explicitly points out, “Annas was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was high priest that year,” which aligns with this historical reality.
Pastor David Jang underscores that while Caiaphas was the visible high priest, Annas was the real figure pulling the strings from behind. By having Jesus brought to his house first, Annas was able to question Him in an informal and covert manner—rather than in the proper setting of an official Sanhedrin trial. This reveals the corruption of the high priestly family, which, though supposed to be faithful to the Law, in fact was destroying it as they conspired in the shadows of night. According to Jewish law, the Sanhedrin could not meet at night, and trials were required to take place in the temple courts. Moreover, the Jews were known to observe the Law meticulously; the very fact that they attempted to interrogate Jesus immediately during the night after His arrest demonstrates their blatant violation of the Law.
The fundamental issue lay not only in the trial’s nighttime timing, but also in the fact that the charges they aimed to pin on Jesus were unfounded from the start. Throughout His public ministry, the chief priests and religious leaders repeatedly tried to ensnare Jesus or accuse Him of blasphemy. For them, calling the temple “My Father’s house” (John 2:16), saying “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up” (John 2:19), and describing Himself as “the Son of God” all served as pretexts for seeking the death penalty. Yet in reality, Jesus always taught publicly, never secretly organizing or spreading false doctrines. Thus, in John 18:20, Jesus Himself states, “I have spoken openly to the world. I always taught in synagogues and in the temple, where all Jews gather, and I said nothing in secret.”
Despite this, Annas still called Jesus in privately, asking Him, “About Your disciples and Your teaching—what is it?” (John 18:19). This was a question posed under a predetermined conclusion, aimed at extracting evidence of “blasphemy.” According to the Gospels, Jewish trials required the testimony of at least two witnesses who agreed, and false or coerced testimony was inadmissible. Annas, not being the current high priest, had no legal authority to interrogate Jesus, and the setting was not the temple court. Thus, it was clearly an outright disregard for both civil and religious law that Jesus was taken, bound, and brought before Annas at night before any formal Sanhedrin meeting was convened.
It is at this juncture that Pastor David Jang points out, “Annas represents the true essence of corrupt religious power, and his inner sinfulness was fundamentally responsible for turning the temple into a den of merchants.” Under Annas’s extended family’s control, the temple had morphed into a system that profited from selling sacrificial animals. Even if worshipers brought faultless offerings purchased outside, the temple inspectors would often reject them, forcing worshipers to buy the temple’s overpriced sacrificial animals instead, imposing an unjust burden on the poor and delivering immense profits to the high priestly clan. To overturn such corruption, Jesus cleansed the temple; from the perspective of those religious authorities, Jesus was inevitably seen as a threat to their privileged position. Consequently, their conspiracy to eliminate Him intensified, culminating in the nighttime arrest and interrogation.
Moreover, Caiaphas’s remark, “It is expedient that one man should die for the people” (John 11:50), demonstrates that a collective plot was already in place to sacrifice Jesus for their political and religious aims. Annas was the actual power behind this scheme, wielding all real authority from behind the scenes. That is why the fact that Jesus was taken first to Annas reveals how deeply rooted the clandestine corruption was well before the crucifixion tragedy played out—and how strong the alliance of evil was as Jesus walked the path of suffering alone.
The passage continues, describing how Simon Peter and another disciple, who was acquainted with the high priest, followed Jesus. This acquaintance helped Peter gain access to the high priest’s courtyard (John 18:15–16). The text does not identify this “disciple who knew the high priest” by name. Traditionally, some posit that this may have been John himself, or some other disciple with connections, while others have speculated it might even have been Judas. In any case, the key point is that although Jewish law required the testimony of at least two witnesses, a disciple who could testify in Jesus’ defense was absent at the crucial moment—Peter, in his fear, denied even knowing Jesus (John 18:17).
Commenting on this, Pastor David Jang notes that while Peter deserves credit for being brave enough to follow Jesus right up to the high priest’s courtyard, his subsequent denial of the Lord meant he utterly failed to serve as a witness. Caiaphas (or Annas) was already looking to the words of “Judas” as an insider to lay charges against Jesus. In a fair trial, Judas’s testimony alone would not suffice—witnesses for the defense were also needed. It is in this context that Jesus says, “Ask those who have heard Me, they know what I said” (John 18:21), underscoring the importance of witnesses. Yet shortly after, Peter denies Jesus three times, and the other disciples scatter. In a situation rife with damaging testimony against Jesus, there was no avenue left to validate the truth of His teaching.
John 18:22 describes a violent scene: “When He had said this, one of the officers standing by struck Jesus with his hand, saying, ‘Is that how You answer the high priest?’” This occurs when Jesus raises the matter of lawful proceedings in the face of Annas’s illegal interrogation, and a servant strikes and mocks Him. Instead of defending truth or upholding the Law, the religious leader and his underling resort to violence. Pastor David Jang characterizes this as “where truth is absent, violence runs rampant.” In a situation pervaded by lies, conspiracy, and corruption, Jesus quietly endures the humiliation of this “illegal trial,” and soon He is taken before Caiaphas and Pilate, ultimately leading to the crucifixion. Yet the Gospels reveal that through these events, God’s redemptive plan was being accomplished.
The lesson of Jesus being taken to Annas first underscores two points. One is the terrible danger of religious corruption that transforms the temple from “the house of God” into a place for “money and power.” The other is that, even amid that egregious corruption, Jesus remained unwavering and pressed forward along the path of the cross. Furthermore, it shows that this incident was not merely about the salvation of individuals but also about the renewal and restoration of the community, opening the way to a new era in which the Lord’s body becomes the true temple. Pastor David Jang’s interpretation of this passage consistently exhorts Christians to have the boldness to proclaim the truth before any systemic injustice or corruption. At the same time, he warns believers to remain ever vigilant lest the church itself “walk in the path of Annas” through a lack of self-examination, succumbing to the temptations of power and greed.
At the heart of the matter is the motif of the “old temple” collapsing and the “new temple” being established through Jesus. When Jesus said, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up” (John 2:19), it was not merely a challenge to the authority of the Jewish leaders. Because the existing temple system was so corrupted by sin and greed, Jesus Himself became the “new temple” by giving His body on the cross for the atonement of sins, and through His resurrection He opened the way to true worship and salvation. That message undergirds the Gospel of John, explaining the fundamental reason for His collision with the Jewish leaders who wanted to have Him crucified. Annas, with his clan’s vested interests, wanted to preserve the temple. He refused to acknowledge the vision of God’s Kingdom and the new temple Jesus declared. John 18:12–22 directly illustrates that contradiction and reveals that Jesus’s eventual crucifixion was part of God’s sovereign plan of redemption.
Thus, the story of Jesus being “taken first to Annas” reveals the depravity of a thoroughly corrupt religious authority, the unwavering demeanor of Jesus, the disciples’ faltering in fear, and, overarching all these, the working out of God’s redemptive plan. Pastor David Jang frequently returns to the spiritual significance of this text, urging today’s church community to earnestly confront any internal corruption and abuse of power. Particularly poignant is Jesus’s calm insistence on lawful proceedings, exposing the illegality of the religious leaders. He invites us to stand firm for truth without yielding to the power structures of the world. And though believers, like Peter, may fall and deny Him in moments of fear, they can ultimately be restored by the Lord’s love and grace.
In the end, this episode marks the beginning of the sequence of illicit trials that Jesus would face under Annas, Caiaphas, and Pilate, culminating in His condemnation and crucifixion. His being first taken to Annas reveals how Jesus, from the outset of this tragic but redemptive journey, systematically exposed the corrupt nature of the religious authorities. At the same time, it signified a renewed awareness of the true meaning of the temple and worship. Pastor David Jang teaches that “No earthly power can suppress the truth, and truth ultimately shines forth even under oppression and violence.” The unlawful interrogation and deceitful schemes orchestrated by Annas only served to highlight all the more that Jesus is indeed the Son of God. And the ultimate conclusion is the proclamation that “The Kingdom of God has come, and Jesus is the victor.”
Hence, this first point—“the religious and historical background of why Jesus was taken to Annas first, and the deeper meaning of the text”—goes beyond a mere recital of contextual facts. Rather, it confronts the evil power and corruption at work in the passage, showing how Jesus dealt with it and prompting the church and believers today to examine which path we are on. Pastor David Jang’s primary message is that “the suffering Jesus endured so thoroughly was the means of proclaiming the Kingdom of God and overturning the fallen temple; ultimately, through the cross and resurrection, our salvation was accomplished.” And this salvation is not confined to an event from two thousand years ago but must be re-embodied among us now. We must constantly test ourselves and our churches to ensure we are not “walking in the path of Annas,” but instead following “the way of Jesus,” casting off corruption and falsehood and practicing truth, justice, and love.
2. The Suffering of Jesus and the Cross
The illegal interrogation that began in front of Annas eventually moved on to Caiaphas, then Pilate’s court, culminating in Jesus receiving the sentence of crucifixion. Nevertheless, the Gospels insist that His suffering was not merely the result of political or religious conspiracy. Rather, it functioned as the decisive means of fulfilling “God’s plan of redemption.” This narrative of suffering challenges us—living in the age of the church—to reconsider the meaning of worship and the temple, our attitudes toward authority and truth, and what it really means to live as disciples. Pastor David Jang emphasizes that this lesson, arising from John 18:12–22 and the subsequent “way of the cross,” cannot be separated from one another. That is to say, from the moment Jesus appeared in Annas’s courtyard, He manifested His identity as the suffering Messiah, and the Gospels collectively show how that suffering leads to the glory of resurrection.
First, Jesus’s suffering holds profound meaning as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy and the holy means by which God atoned for humanity’s sin. Even as human wickedness and folly rose to an extreme—Annas’s unlawful trial, Caiaphas’s intrigue, Pilate’s vacillation—God’s purpose was never thwarted. Although Jesus responded boldly—“I said to you, ask those who have heard Me, they know what I said” (John 18:21)—what followed was humiliation and violence. This evokes the prophecy in Isaiah (chap. 53) depicting the Messiah as both King and Suffering Servant. Jesus did not vanquish evil by force; He took on the form of a servant, silently enduring the corrupt religious leaders and worldly powers. And that path became the sacrifice through which humanity’s sin could be redeemed.
Second, His suffering highlights that it is Jesus Himself—not the temple system—who is the “true temple,” a motif emphasized throughout the Gospel of John. Pastor David Jang teaches that “the old temple system that Annas controlled—a sacrificial system reliant on animal offerings—was completely renewed through the cross of Jesus.” Indeed, when Jesus died, the temple veil was torn from top to bottom (Matt. 27:51), symbolizing the end of the Old Testament sacrificial order and the opening of direct, genuine worship through Christ. Thus, “Annas’s temple” ultimately fell, and the era of grace in which Jesus Himself is the living temple was fully inaugurated. But if today’s church prioritizes its own traditions and authority over the genuine presence of Christ—just as those religious leaders did—there is a real danger of repeating Annas’s mistake.
Third, the incident with Peter’s denial reveals the disciples’ frailty, serving as a mirror for believers today. No matter how fervent one’s resolve, it is difficult to bear witness for Jesus under extreme fear and danger in our own strength. Peter deeply loved Jesus, enjoyed the honor of being the leading disciple, and even drew his sword to cut off Malchus’s ear in Gethsemane. Yet in the courtyard of Annas, when confronted with a question—“You are not one of this man’s disciples, are you?”—he denied Jesus (John 18:17). Pastor David Jang notes that reflecting on Peter’s inner turmoil allows us to see both his love for the Lord and his profound fear. Ultimately, Peter weeps bitterly for his sin, and the risen Jesus restores him by the Sea of Tiberias (John 21). This demonstrates that, while a disciple can fail and fall, the Lord graciously rescues and recommissions those who sincerely repent. Similarly, any believer may at times act or speak in ways that effectively deny Jesus. But the Lord who receives back and restores the repentant sinner offers us unfailing hope.
Fourth, this passage probes how the church should understand its relationship to worldly power and handle authority within its own community. Corrupt and depraved, Annas and his clan exemplify those who use God’s name for selfish gains. They defiled the temple with false religious zeal and enormous wealth. Jesus was uncompromising, cleansing the temple and denouncing their sin (John 2). In living among secular society, the church may sometimes clash or cooperate with worldly authorities—political, economic, or cultural. But if the church itself becomes corrupt, acting like Annas’s family and “maintaining a pious facade while actually seeking profit and power,” it risks figuratively “crucifying Jesus once again.” In numerous sermons, Pastor David Jang has stressed the importance of the church’s purity, transparency, and servant leadership, reminding believers that they are “a royal priesthood” (1 Pet. 2:9) who must not obscure the gospel through ecclesiastical authoritarianism or worldly ambition.
Fifth, Jesus’s suffering ultimately leads to victory. Annas’s scheming, Caiaphas’s court, and Pilate’s questioning drove Jesus to His crucifixion, completing His redemptive mission through His death. In John 19:30, Jesus proclaims, “It is finished,” indicating that at that very moment, Satan and the power of sin were defeated. Through the resurrection, Jesus displayed His life-giving power and, by sending the Holy Spirit to His disciples, inaugurated the age of the church (John 20). Thus, even though political and religious authorities colluded to kill Jesus, true truth was not vanquished; it advanced to the glory of the resurrection. Therefore, in contemplating this passage, we must move beyond merely surveying the passion narrative to recognize that Jesus’s suffering was a redemptive sacrifice for us, ultimately bringing forth the treasure of resurrection.
Accordingly, the image of Jesus “being taken first to Annas” compels the church today to view “corrupt religious power” through a critical lens and to reexamine what genuine worship and true faith entail. Likewise, Peter’s denial and the disciples’ flight highlight our own human weakness. Yet just as the risen Lord welcomed back and recommissioned His disciples, even those who fail can be raised up again. Every time Pastor David Jang references this story, he stresses that “the community of Jesus’s disciples can only be restored and re-equipped by the grace of the Lord, and the church belongs to Jesus Christ, not man.” Because He alone is our foundation and our rock, no human failure, corruption, or evil, however pervasive, can ultimately destabilize the path of truth.
Furthermore, this passage indicates that a resolute, at times confrontational reform may be necessary for the sake of a holy purpose. Through the temple cleansing (John 2:13–22), Jesus showed how He decisively acted when the temple had lost its original function, becoming a den of merchants. The religious authorities hated Him and persecuted Him for it, but He never wavered. Likewise, when the church invokes the term “reform,” it should recall Jesus’s zeal. If corrupt leaders, like Annas, fill the church with false practices, it must be cleansed and renewed. Such reform is accomplished through the power of the gospel and the guidance of the Holy Spirit, not through mere human methods. Though the process may seem arduous and lonely, it ultimately leads to God’s victory.
Pastor David Jang thus preaches that, to fulfill its mission of shining the light of the gospel to the world, the church first needs an “internal reformation.” If the church is already compromised by avarice and the thirst for authority among its leaders, the gospel of the cross is easily distorted. Consequently, society will point fingers at the church, and evangelistic opportunities will be lost. Contemplating Jesus being taken to Annas helps us realize how deadly internal church corruption can be. Just as the Lord Himself was handed over to the temple’s power brokers, so too can unchecked greed cripple the church from within and severely damage its witness to the world.
What, then, is the way out of such a crisis?
- We must hold up Jesus’s life and teaching as our primary standard. Jesus refused to compromise with high priests or any other authority figures, and He focused solely on doing the will of the Father (John 4:34). If the church today has drifted from the spirit of Scripture by becoming entrenched in tradition or the dictates of human leaders, we must return courageously to the biblical path.
- We should earnestly seek the work of the Holy Spirit, coupled with a communal repentance. Peter and the disciples, after encountering the risen Jesus, were transformed at Pentecost by the power of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2). This shows that “the fullness of the Spirit” is the vital force by which the church is revitalized. As the church becomes sensitive to the Spirit’s movement and turns from its sins, it can once again become a vibrant community of life.
- We must put Christlike love and care into practice, grounded in biblical truth, rather than engaging in mutual condemnation or harm. Before going to the cross, Jesus washed the disciples’ feet (John 13) and gave them a new commandment of love, establishing love as the essence of the church’s identity. This is the antithesis of Annas’s oppressive style of leadership. Jesus modeled servant leadership by lowering Himself. Hence, any attempt within the church to hold power and dominate others is in direct conflict with the example of Jesus.
- Finally, the church must ensure transparency and accountability in areas such as finances and governance structures. In the ancient temple, Annas and his family exploited the practice of buying and selling sacrificial animals as a source of illicit gain. Likewise, if the modern church fails to manage its finances transparently, it creates an environment ripe for those seeking personal advantage, leading to internal corruption.
By pursuing such spiritual and systemic reforms, the church can be drawn back to authentic worship. In the same way Jesus declared, “I have said nothing in secret” (John 18:20), the church should also act with integrity and live in the light. Then, when confronted by society’s criticism or skepticism, the church can more boldly proclaim the gospel, just as the disciples overcame their fears after Pentecost and preached courageously, expanding God’s Kingdom.
The story told in John 18:12–22 is not about blaming the Jewish religion of the first century. Rather, it exposes a universal pattern of sin repeated across the ages. “Leaders of Annas’s type” have appeared repeatedly in church history, and they exist even today in churches or other religious bodies worldwide. Therefore, every time we read this text, we must ask ourselves, “Am I complicit in any corrupt system? Am I standing firmly on the truth of Jesus?” Pastor David Jang has long exhorted the church to ceaselessly confirm its identity before the Word, never forgetting that fidelity to the way of Jesus is the most important standard—beyond outward success or numerical growth.
On a personal level, we grasp our own weakness through Peter’s denial. No matter how passionately we serve the Lord, we might deny Jesus if we face severe threats or disadvantages. We cannot walk the path of true discipleship by our own strength and determination alone. We need the Holy Spirit’s help and the restorative grace of the risen Lord. In this sense, Peter represents our own self. Yet, just as Jesus forgave and reinstated Peter at the Sea of Tiberias (John 21:15–17), so too any believer who sincerely repents can receive a new calling. Rather than merely condemning us for our denial, the Lord offers fresh opportunities.
In conclusion, the phrase “Then they took Him first to Annas” (John 18:13) marks both the beginning of Jesus’s passion narrative and the pivotal contrast between the evil of entrenched religious power and Jesus’s true authority. Pastor David Jang, reflecting on this text, argues that the church and believers—following the example of Jesus—must not remain silent in the face of systemic corruption but instead proclaim the truth. When corruption is uncovered, we must act with the same resolve Jesus showed when cleansing the temple. Furthermore, Jesus’s obedient suffering ultimately identifies Him as “the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world” (John 1:29), and that path of obedience led to the victory of the resurrection—a key proclamation of the gospel.
Contemplating these scenes of Jesus being tried unjustly gives us a fresh perspective on the entire crucifixion narrative. The cross is not just a cruel instrument of execution; it is the supreme manifestation of God’s absolute love, who hates sin but loves sinners to the very end. And that love could not be blocked by any human authority. As Pastor David Jang repeatedly stresses, if there had been no cross, the Christian message of salvation would remain incomplete, and without the resurrection, Jesus’s death would have ended in tragedy. But the cross and resurrection together form the core of God’s redemptive work, through which all humanity can receive new life and eternal hope.
Today’s church and believers bear a grave responsibility: to guard the message of the cross and proclaim it, while rejecting any resemblance to the corrupt spiritual leadership personified by Annas. Meditating on how Jesus stood firm, insisting on truth despite unjust suffering, should embolden us to forsake compromise with the world or self-justification, instead living out the gospel in the power of the Spirit. And even if some have failed or succumbed to fear and denied the Lord, they can still find restoration, just as Peter did—this is the power of the gospel.
John 18:12–22 thus provides a deep well of reflection: the exposure of corrupt religious authority, Jesus’s courageous endurance on the path to the cross, the disciples’ weakness and their subsequent restoration, and God’s redemptive plan of replacing the “old temple” with the “new temple.” Believers reading this passage come away reaffirming that the church must have Jesus alone as its Head, and no human authority can stand above the truth. Moreover, while failures and shame may arise in the life of faith, we can stand again in the love of the risen Lord and the presence of the Holy Spirit. Pastor David Jang explains that, though the way Jesus walked was marked by suffering, it was simultaneously the way of resurrection, completing our salvation. By dwelling in Christ, the true temple, the church can overcome every worldly or religious corruption and experience spiritual victory. This is precisely why the line “They led Him first to Annas” continues to speak so powerfully to us today. We who join Him on that road must always remember the Lord’s suffering and resurrection, shining the light of the gospel in our present age.
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